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9 min readMenu DesignMenu EngineeringMultilingualEU Compliance

How to Write Dish Descriptions That Sell – in Every Language Your Guests Speak

A practical guide to restaurant dish descriptions: the 3-part formula, sensory words that sell and filler to cut, ideal length on a QR menu, writing for tourists and machine translation, the 14 EU allergens and before-and-after examples.

Grilled fish fillets on a white plate with roasted tomato, green pepper, red onion, lemon and pomegranate seeds, dusted with sumac

What a Good Dish Description Does (and the 3-Part Formula)

A dish description has one job: help a guest pick a dish they will enjoy, quickly. The wording alone can change what people order, even when nothing on the plate changes.

In a 2017 Stanford study published in JAMA Internal Medicine, Turnwald, Boles and Crum tracked 27,933 cafeteria diners over 46 days and changed only the vegetable labels. Indulgent, taste-focused names such as “twisted citrus-glazed carrots” won 35% more diners than “healthy positive” labels. Health-focused wording like “reduced-sodium” or “low-carb” did no better than a plain name.

25%

more diners chose the vegetable with a taste-focused label than with a basic one

Stanford, JAMA Internal Medicine (2017)

41%

more diners chose it than with a “healthy restrictive” label

Stanford, JAMA Internal Medicine (2017)

23%

more vegetables eaten by mass than with basic labels, with no change in preparation

Stanford, JAMA Internal Medicine (2017)

Menu engineering turns this into a repeatable structure. Descriptive menu labels work best when every menu description follows the same three parts:

  1. Name – the dish name guests will say to the waiter: clear first, clever second.
  2. Key ingredients + cooking method – most important ingredient first, plus any allergen the name hides. The method (“slow-roasted”, “charcoal-grilled”) tells guests about texture and flavour.
  3. One selling detail – the sell copy: origin, texture, technique or a short story. One detail, not three.

Illustrative example: Charcoal-grilled octopus – potatoes, capers, lemon oil; caught off the Cretan coast the same morning.

On a long menu, occasionally reverse the order and lead with the sell copy, so the page doesn’t read like an ingredient list.

Sensory Words That Sell – and Filler Words to Cut

Filler words like “delicious”, “tasty”, “amazing” and “mouthwatering” tell guests how to feel instead of what to picture. Swap them for sensory words that describe texture, flavour or cooking method: charred, slow-braised, crisp, smoky, tangy. Guests can taste a word like “crackling”; they can only take your word for “delicious”.

Illustrative examples

Instead ofWriteWhy
Delicious chickenCharcoal-grilled chicken thighThe method implies flavour
Tasty soupSmoky roasted tomato soupFlavour words beat vague praise
Fried calamariCrisp calamari, lemon aioli“Crisp” signals texture, not grease
Low-fat yoghurt dessertTangy yoghurt with honey and pistachioTaste-focused wording sells; restriction words don’t
Homemade artisanal breadSourdough baked here each morningSpecific proof instead of buzzwords
Rich, creamy, hearty, indulgent pastaSlow-braised beef ragù, creamy pecorinoOne or two adjectives per dish
StracciatellaCreamy stracciatella cheeseUnfamiliar name + taste + category
Local cheeseAged Alpine cheese from VorarlbergOrigin adds value only when it’s specific

Three patterns to cut on sight:

  • Negative associations. “Greasy”, “heavy” or “fried” as the only descriptor make a dish sound like a compromise. Pair the method with a texture: “crisp fried”, “golden”.
  • Adjective stacking. Four or more adjectives read as padding and hide the key ingredient. Keep the one that matters.
  • Overused buzzwords. “Artisanal” or “homemade” on every line stops meaning anything.

Unfamiliar ingredients need the most help. Write the name, how it tastes and what kind of food it is – “creamy stracciatella cheese”, “nutty farro grain”. Without that anchor, guests skip the dish. Health-restrictive words such as “low-fat” or “reduced” put the sacrifice first; lead with flavour and move nutrition details to a label.

How Long Should a Dish Description Be on a QR Menu?

No study sets an ideal description length; the working rule across the industry is one or two short sentences. Length should follow importance: give the most words to your most popular and high-margin dishes, and let staples like fries or espresso stand on their name alone.

Brevity matters more on screen. In a US Foods survey of more than 1,000 American diners, 86% said a physical menu is easier to read for descriptions and ingredients than a QR menu. To compete on a mobile screen, text must be short, scannable and cleanly formatted.

86%

find a physical menu easier to read for dish descriptions and ingredients than a QR menu

US Foods survey

78%

consider portion size when dining out; nearly 3 in 4 want restaurants to list it

US Foods survey

72% / 66%

prefer menus with food photos / have not ordered a dish based solely on its picture

US Foods survey

Photos draw attention, but the text still has to sell the dish. On a phone, the first line is what shows in the list view, so front-load the main ingredient (illustrative example): “Charred octopus, smoked paprika potatoes” beats “Our chef’s take on a Galician classic”. Keep the full ingredient list, allergens and portion size for the dish card, which in Platoo can also carry the photo.

Writing Descriptions Tourists Understand (and That Translate Well)

International guests order with more confidence when they can read the menu in their own language. CSA Research’s 2020 “Can’t Read, Won’t Buy – B2C” survey of 8,709 consumers in 29 countries covers online shopping, not restaurants, but the pattern carries over to menus: 76% prefer to buy products with information in their own language, 65% prefer content in their own language even if it is of poor quality, and 40% will not buy from websites in other languages.

Keep the Local Name, Explain It in One Line

Local dish names are part of what tourists came for, so keep “pastitsada” or “bacalhau à Brás” as the title. Then add one plain-language line: main ingredient, cooking method and, if the flavour is unfamiliar, how it tastes. Illustrative example: “Bacalhau à Brás – salt cod scrambled with eggs, thin fried potatoes and onion; soft, savoury, lightly salty.”

Avoid Puns, Idioms and Slang

The same CSA study found that 66% of consumers use online machine translation, so guests will translate your menu anyway. “To die for”, “melt-in-your-mouth” or a pun name like “Holy Guacamole” often come out literal and confusing. Name ingredient, texture and cooking method instead.

Illustrative example

Pun-heavy

  • ✕“Holy Guacamole Stack – a fiesta in your mouth, loaded to the max and seriously to die for.”

Translation-friendly

  • ✓“Guacamole stack – crispy corn tortillas layered with fresh guacamole, black beans, tomato and mild chili.”

Why it translates cleanly: every word names a real ingredient, texture or spice level, so there is nothing to take literally.

Write Once, Translate Everywhere

Use short sentences, standard food terms and explicit spice levels. Treat the source text as the master copy: fix it once and every version of your multilingual menu improves. Platoo, for example, translates the menu automatically into the languages the venue enables, so the clarity of your original wording is what reaches guests after translation.

Allergens, Dietary Labels and Honest Claims (EU Rules)

Since 13 December 2014, Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 on food information to consumers has required allergen information for non-prepacked food too, including dishes served in restaurants and cafés. Staff may give it verbally, but guests need a clear indication of how to get it, and a European Commission factsheet on allergen labelling notes it must be available in writing on request. National rules can add requirements, so check your country’s. These are the 14 allergens that must be declared, and where they tend to hide:

AllergenEasy to miss in…
Cereals containing glutenflour-thickened sauces, breadcrumb coatings
Crustaceansbisques, seafood stocks
Eggsfresh pasta, mayonnaise, egg-washed pastry
FishCaesar dressing, Worcestershire sauce
Peanutssatay, some curries
Soybeanssoy sauce, miso
Milkmashed potatoes, butter-finished risotto
Nutsfrangipane, praline, some pestos
Celerystocks, soups
Mustardvinaigrettes, marinades
Sesamehummus (tahini), bread toppings
Sulphur dioxide/sulphites (above 10 mg/kg or 10 mg/litre)wine reductions, dried fruit
Lupinbreads and pastries made with lupin flour
Molluscsoyster sauce

Keep allergens out of the prose where you can: icons or labels on the dish card do that job (Platoo dish cards can display them). Name an allergen in the text only when the dish name hides it, as in “basil pesto with cashews”.

Dietary labels such as vegan, vegetarian and gluten-free are promises. Use them, along with “homemade”, “local” or “light”, only when literally true, and skip nutrition and health claims you cannot back up. Icons must match the recipe; when a supplier or recipe changes, update the description the same day.

Before-and-After Dish Description Examples

The rewrites below are illustrative examples of the name + key ingredients/method + one selling detail formula.

DishBeforeAfterWhat changed
StarterTasty homemade samosasVegetable samosas (two pieces). Crisp pastry filled with spiced potato and peas, with tamarind chutney.Serving size, filling, one sensory word
Local mainTraditional beef dishPastitsada – beef slow-cooked in a tomato sauce spiced with cinnamon and cloves, served over thick pasta. A Sunday classic from Corfu.Local dish name kept, plain explanation and origin added
Vegetable sideSeasonal vegetablesRoasted carrots with honey, thyme and toasted hazelnuts. Serves 2 as a shared plate.Named vegetables, method, portion; the nut allergen is visible in the text
DessertAmazing chocolate cakeWarm chocolate cake with a soft, molten centre, served with vanilla ice cream.“Amazing” cut; texture and temperature added
DrinkSpecial coffeeEspresso tonic: double espresso poured over tonic water and ice with an orange slice. Bitter, fizzy, cold.Method shown; three concrete sensory words

Rewrite your ten best-selling dishes first – they carry the most orders, so changes show up fastest. Add a serving size wherever portions are counted or shared, and keep every local dish name in the original with a one-line explanation.

Related reading

FAQ

No study sets an ideal length. As a rule of thumb, write one or two short sentences, and save the longest descriptions for your most popular and profitable dishes.

A US Foods survey of more than 1,000 American diners found 68% want all ingredients listed. On the menu line, name only the key ingredients; put the full list and allergens in the dish detail. Under EU Regulation 1169/2011, information on the 14 allergens must be available.

Cut filler such as “delicious”, “tasty” and “mouthwatering” — they carry no information about the dish. Skip puns and idioms too, because they break in translation.

Keep the original local name and add a plain-language explanation: main ingredient plus cooking method. That explanation also machine-translates cleanly.

Update whenever the recipe, supplier or allergens change, and review every description with each seasonal menu change. A digital menu such as Platoo lets you make those edits instantly, without reprinting.


Sources: Turnwald, Boles & Crum (2017). Association Between Indulgent Descriptions and Vegetable Consumption. JAMA Internal Medicine · US Foods – How Americans Make Menu Choices (survey) · CSA Research – Can’t Read, Won’t Buy – B2C (press release, 2020) · European Commission – EU law on food information to consumers (Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011) · European Commission – Allergen labelling in the EU: Ensuring consumer safety (factsheet, 2026)